TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS
Transformers are classified based on different criteria:
1. Based on Voltage Level:
| Type | Description | Example Use |
|---|
| Step-up | Increases voltage (V₂ > V₁) | Power stations → transmission |
| Step-down | Decreases voltage (V₂ < V₁) | Transmission → homes |
2. Based on Construction:
| Type | Description |
|---|
| Core Type | Windings surround a large rectangular core limb |
| Shell Type | Core surrounds windings (sandwich-style) |
| Berry Type | Core looks like a spoke-wheel (circular type core) |
3. Based on Phases:
| Type | Description |
|---|
| Single-phase | Used in homes, small equipment |
| Three-phase | Used in industry and high-power systems |
4. Based on Use / Application:
| Type | Description |
|---|
| Power Transformer | Used in transmission (high voltage) |
| Distribution Transformer | Used to distribute power to houses, offices |
| Instrument Transformer | Measures current or voltage (used with meters) |
| └─ CT (Current Transformer) | Steps down current for metering/protection |
| └─ PT (Potential Transformer) | Steps down voltage for metering/protection |
| Isolation Transformer | No voltage change, used for safety isolation |
| Auto Transformer | Single winding acts as both primary & secondary |
5. Based on Cooling Method:
| Type | Cooling Method |
|---|
| Oil-cooled | Uses mineral oil for cooling |
| Air-cooled | Uses air and fins for heat dissipation |
| Forced Air/Oil Cooled | Uses fans or pumps for forced circulation |
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